Evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more of the market segments to enter is called:

The process of evaluating each market segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter is indeed referred to as market targeting. This stage occurs after market segmentation, where the broader market is divided into distinct groups of consumers based on various factors such as demographics, psychographics, and behavior.

Once these segments are identified, businesses analyze their potential profitability, accessibility, and alignment with company goals to determine which segments they should focus on. Market targeting helps companies allocate their resources effectively and develop tailored marketing strategies that resonate with the selected audience, ultimately enhancing their chances of success in those specific segments.

In contrast, market differentiation refers to the method of distinguishing a product or service from others in the market and is more about how a product is perceived rather than selecting target segments. Market segmentation is the initial process of dividing the consumer base into distinct groups, while market positioning involves establishing an image or offering in the consumer's mind relative to competitors, which comes after targeting has been determined.