What are groups that individuals aspire to belong to but do not currently belong to called?

Aspirational groups refer to those groups that individuals admire and aspire to join, even if they do not currently belong to them. These groups often represent ideals or lifestyles that individuals wish to emulate or associate themselves with, influencing their behaviors, attitudes, and purchasing decisions.

For instance, celebrities, successful business leaders, or high-status social groups can serve as aspirational groups for many. The influence of aspirational groups is significant in marketing, where brands often leverage these associations to enhance customer appeal, aiming to attract individuals who aspire to be part of such groups.

The other group types, while related, serve different functions. Reference groups include any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating their own behavior and opinions but may not necessarily be groups that they aspire to join. Peer groups typically consist of individuals with whom one regularly interacts, influencing behaviors and norms but not necessarily representing aspirational ideals. Secondary groups refer to more formal, less personal groups that individuals are part of, such as professional associations, which may not necessarily evoke the same aspirational qualities as the correct answer.